Settling the Northern Colonies Essay Example for Free

Settling the Northern Colonies EssayThe Protestant Re recoilation Produces Puritanism Martin Luther . He declared that the al-Quran alone was the source of Gods words. He started the Protestant Reformation. John Calvin He spelled out his doctrine in 1536 called Institutes of the Christian Religion. He formed Calvinism. King Henry octette formed the Protestant Church.There were a few peck who wanted to see the process of taking Catholicism out of England occur to a greater extent quickly. These people were called Puritans. A tiny group of Puritans, called Separatists, broke international from the Church of England. King James I had them exiled from England.The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth Separatists in Holland settled in Plymouth quest in 1620. Pilgrim leaders drew up and signed the Mayflower Compact. This was a simple summatement to form a crude government and to agree to the majority under the regulations agreed upon. It was signed by 41 males. It was the fi rst attempt at a government in America. In the Pilgrims first winter of 1620-1621, only 44 of the 102 survived. In 1621, there was the first Thanksgiving Day in brisk England. William Bradford- elected 30 times as governor of the Pilgrims.The mouth Colony Bible Commonwealth Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 and sanctioned the anti-Puritan persecutions of the Archbishop William Laud. In 1629, a group of non-Separatist Puritans secured a royal charter to form the momma Bay Company During the Great Migration of the 1630s, about 70,000 refugees left England for America. Most of them were attracted to the warm and fertile western United States Indies. John Winthrop- the Bay Colonys first governor.Building the Bay Colony Governor Winthrop of the Bay Colony did not like Democracy. The freemen annually elected the governor and his assistants and a representative assembly called the General Court. Visible Saints was some other name for the Puritans.John Cotton- a very devoted Purit an. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth Anne Hutchinson- challenged the Puritan orthodoxy was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of her challenges to the Church. Roger Williams- Salem diplomatic minister who challenged the Church Separatist banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.The Rhode Island Sewer Roger Williams fled to the Rhode Island area in 1636. He then established religious freedom for all kinds of people. New England Spreads go forth Hartford and computerized tomography founded in 1635. A group of Boston Puritans came to the Hartford area lead by Reverend Thomas Hooker. In 1639, the settlers of the new Connecticut River colony drafted a document know as the Fundamental Orders. New Haven was established in 1638.In 1641, New Hampshire was taken by the Massachusetts Bay. The king took it back and made New Hampshire a royal colony in 1679. Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence In 1643, 4 colonies banded unneurotic to form the New England Confederation Each colony had 2 votes, regardless of size. King Charles II gave rival Connecticut in 1662 a sea-to-sea charter grant, which legalized the short settlements. In 1663, the outcasts in Rhode Island received a new charter, which gave kingly sanction to the most religiously tolerant government. In 1684, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys charter wastaken away by London authorities.Andros Promotes the First American Revolution In 1686, the Dominion of New England was created by royal authority. In 1688 it was expanded to New York and atomic number 99 and West Jersey. Sir Edmund Andros He established headquarters in Puritanical Boston. Andros stopped the town meetingsIn 1688-1689, the people of old England engineered the Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution. They dethroned Catholic James II and enthroned the Protestant rulers of the Netherlands, the Dutch-born William III and his slope wife, Mary, daughter of James II. In 1691, Massachusetts was made a royal colony.There was unrest in New York and Maryland from 1689-1691. aged Netherlands at New Netherland Late in the 16th Century, the Netherlands fought for and won its independence from Catholic Spain with the help of England. In the 17th Century, the Dutch (the Netherlands) became a power. Golden Age. It fought 3 great Anglo-Dutch naval battles. The Dutch Republic became a leading colonial power, with by far its greatest activity in the East Indies. The Dutch East India Company was nearly a state within a state and at one time supported an army of 10,000 men and a spend of 190 ships, 40 of them men-of-war.This company hired an English explorer, Henry Hudson, to seek great riches. He sailed into the Delaware Bay and New York Bay in 1609 and then ascended the Hudson River. He filed a Dutch claim to a wooded and watered area. The Dutch West India Company was less powerful than the Dutch East India Company, and was based in the Caribbean. It was more interested in raiding than trading. In 1628, in raided a fleet of S panish treasure ships and stole $15 million. The company established outposts in Africa and Brazil.In 1623-1624, the Dutch West India Company established New Netherland in the Hudson River area. It was made for its quick-profit fur trade. The company also purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians for worthless trinkets. The island encompassed 22,000 acres. New Amsterdam, later New York City, was a company town. The Quakers were savagely abused.Dutch Residues in New York In 1664, the Dutch were forced to surrender their territory (New Netherland) to the English when a strong English squadron appeared off the coast of New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam was named New York, after the Duke of York. Penns Holy Experiment in PennsylvaniaA group of dissenters, commonly known as Quakers, arose in England in the mid-1600s. Officially, they were known as the Religious Society of Friends. Quakers were especially offensive to the authorities, both religious and civil. They refused to support the Chu rch of England with taxes. William Penn was attracted to the Quaker trust in 1660. In 1681, he managed to secure from King Charles II an immense grant of fertile land, in consideration of a monetary debt owed to his deceased fetch by the crown. The king called the area Pennsylvania. The Middle Way in the Middle ColoniesThe middle colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, were known as the bread colonies because of their heavy exports of grain. These colonies were more ethnically mixed than any of the other colonies. The people were given more religious tolerance than in any other colonies. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1706. He moved to Philadelphia at the age of 17.

Politics and Religion Essay Example for Free

Politics and piety EssayDo Religion And Politics Go Hand In Hand? Of Course They Do Religion in government has long been a taboo subject or elusive topic to about as they argue that they cannot cohesively coexist unitedly when in totally actuality they can and do coexist together. Religion and politics essentially belong together like mashed potatoes and boom so to let the cat out of the bag. However, all around the world the extent to which they coexist varies depending on the cultural influence as well as historical significance pertaining to their ara. Religion plays a huge position in American politics.During the 2012 election year people were polled on the importance of righteousness in their die hards and 56 percent say that it is very important in their lives. (Miller) Religion plays a substantial role in politics from influencing how some politicians provide cast their vote on authentic issues to persuading voters to vote for one candidate or another. Alt hough America prides itself on its apparitional diversity and separation of church and state and it is a prove detail that religion helps determine who a voter will cast their bal pickle for.A Gallup poll from June of 2012 discovered that 58 percent of Americans would vote for a Islamic candidate while only 54 percent of Americans would vote for an atheist candidate. When polled it also found that only 1 in 5 Americans would vote for a Mormon candidate which could view as essentially cost Romney millions of votes due to his religious preference. Indeed we abide seen religion play a very influential role in politics in 2012.Religion and politics were very well-nigh tied together during the presidency of George Walker Bush. In the eyes of a lot of people religion played a bigger role in government than usual during the presidency of George W. Bush. President Bush evoked God in his speeches more often than other presidents, state in inter grabs that God advised him on certain a ctions and that he firmly believed that he was enacting Gods will as the chief executive of the United States. (Oganesian) Even our Declaration of Independence closely ties religion and politics together with such statements as, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Notice that Creator is capitalized and undeniably it states that we are endowed certain unalienable rights from our Creator. This can either be someones higher power if they choose to call it by that name or simply it could be God.Does religion truly belong in politics? This may very well be one of the toughest questions ever asked in this day and age. Religion delves on the belief in good and morality while politics are the workings and dealings of the administration of government. We are a realm that was founded on Moral Values, Decency and the rul e of law. Gods laws will endlessly play a part in politics. If you examine our money rase it says, In God We Trust. Truly separation of church and state will never be fully successful.When our President is sworn in to the oath of office even he has to swear on a Holy Bible. Is he not the highest ranking government official in our nation? Yet even he has to follow the rules and guidelines that deal with religion. Over and over again we see how closely religion and politics are actually entwined with one another. According to Djupe and Olson, psychological approaches to the guinea pig of religion and politics view the key attachment point between religious faith and political commitments as the individuals identification with religious reference groups (2007256).Leege and his colleagues noted that the psychological power of group identification is essential to religions effect on politics. For example, groups form the basis of cleavage in a larger society for a variety of cultura l and political reasons (1) whether based on voluntary affiliation or generational replacement, groups socialize members into their set ( 2) through processes of social identification groups develop consciousness of kind so that it is possible for members to say we hey (3) through the interaction of members, a sense of social coherency develops that provides reinforcement for group identity and norms and (4) through an advantageous political shorthand, political elites think of society in foothold of groups. (20024950) Political issues such as abortion and even same sex marriages are governed by some underlying religious values. For example, many laws dealing with these issues are either vetoed or not put into law by the people who in looseness use their religious values to help them vote on the topic.Many states still turn homosexual marriages because when it is put on the ballot those who believe that it is wrong vote against it so such laws cannot be passed. Many top politic ians think of society in terms of groups whether they be religious groups or political groups. We live in an increasingly religious world in which faith and belief affect each dimension of our existence, so our politicians better talk about it. (Marshall, 2008) Religion does not exist in solitude or expressly by itself. It molds our fundamental view of the essence of human life and the morality in which we should live our lives.Going back to the Constitution the First Amendment guarantees the free exercise of religion and prohibits the establishment of religion by the government. By guaranteeing the free exercise of religion and prohibiting the establishment of religion by the government these principles are working together to protect religious granting immunity as well as a diversely thriving and religious landscape. The role of religion in politics around the world is sometimes debatable at best however even in other countries politics and religion are closely tied together.E ven in post-communist countries such as Latvia political parties and religious groups have alliances which can sometimes sway their supporters to vote for a certain political force. The Harmony Center, that positions itself as an alliance of several(prenominal) (but not all) Social Democratic parties, also demonstrates special courtesy to the church. (Tcraudkalns, pg5) Even in Australia where their reputation for godlessness dates back to the nineteenth century where most places had pubs in advance they had a church religion and politics are still tied closely together.Australia has a unique way of describing politics and religion in terms of masculinity and femininity. This reference to Australian maleness suggests that discussions of the relationship between politics and religion are always also discussions about gender. The association of masculinity with the man realm and rationality, and of femininity with religious faith and the home, makes this impossible to avoid. (Bellan ta, pg10) Although there has never been an established church in Australia the churches that are large and established have had a specific presence and role in state-supported matters.However secular Australia proclaims to be religion has a new found role for itself which proves it has not been abolished. Gustavo Gutierrez, a Peruvian theologian, has provided since the late 1960s a theological interpretation of the person of God and his work that has been closely linked with human history, and particularly with the poor and the marginalized. (Aguilar pg. 146) Gutierrez believed that a direct connection of the Christian faith and the practice of politics could be felt as a result of Christs incarnation.He closely tied together religion and politics through the human commonality and to the practice of religion and politics centered on the poor, on the commandment of revel and of service to the marginalized as a way of life and in a new era of hermeneutics and commonality. Gutierrez relied heavily on biblical text to tie together religion and politics through the service of the poor. When reading Gutierrezs writing there is no concise separation of religion and politics.He clearly stated that the practice of religion as well as the practice of politics must be conveyed through the Christian faith. In the words of Gutierrez We shall not have our great leap forward, into a whole new theological perspective, until the marginalized and exploited have begun to become the artisans of their own liberationuntil their voice makes itself heard directly, without mediation, without interpretersuntil they themselves take account, in the light of their own values, of their own experience of the Lord in their efforts to liberate themselves.We shall not have our quantum theological leap until the oppressed themselves theologize, until the others themselves personally reflect on their hope of a total liberation in Christ. For they are the bearers of this hope for all humanity. Nigerias view on politics and religion are that they immix like snake oil and fire water. It is said that Nigerians are some of the most prayerful people on Earth however Olaye is upset that politicians speak godly words to one another without acting on it. We are taught in the U. S. enerally not to mix religion and politics I our conversation however that does not ring true in Nigeria because they do quite opposite of that. Although Nigerias Federal Executive Council is taking prayer from the beginning of public events they are still going to read the pious words of the second stanza of Nigerias national anthem. (Sample Oh God of creation. Direct our noble course. Guide our leaders right. (Olaye) Olaye wishes that Nigeria politicians would train the hypocrisy and says until they do that their country will continue to suffer.In Egypt even the Secretary General has an interesting view on politics and religion. He convey hope that Muslims would draw a line so that politics does n ot dominate religion, and religion does not dominate politics. (Ihsanoglu) Two of the main fears in Egypt right now after the fall of Hosni Mubarak are actually related to religion. They are religious identity politics and the largest minority of the religious demographic Coptic Christians. He believes in mutual respect and non-interference between the Islam religion and Egyptian political order.These beliefs are showing us that all over the world no matter how separate people try to keep church and state they are actually inevitably entwined together with no line of separation in sight. Some well-known republicans such as Mike Huckabee and Billy Graham are well known Christians who also turn their values of faith into the publics eye. During the 2012 election season Graham was quoted as saying, I believe it is vitally important that we cast our ballots for candidates who base their decisions on biblical principles and support the nation of Israel.I urge you to vote for those who pr otect the sanctity of life and support the biblical definition of marriage between a man and a woman. take for biblical values this November 6, and pray with me that America will remain one nation under God. Some would even say that Democrats do the best to live by biblical principles of taking care of the less fortunate among us who are already among the living. However it could be argued that Republicans take a better situation on the biblical principle of protecting the unborn. Jesus warns against those who aspire to political correctness.He says let them alone they are blind leaders of the blind. (Matthew 1514) in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men. (Matthew 159) Can the blind lead the blind? Will they not both fall into a pit? (Luke 639)(The Holy Bible) Even as far back as in Jesus time he himself laid out the psychiatric hospital of politics and religion being one in the same. In church it is taught that going against what is the law suc h as speeding is considered sin and goes against the political laws which have been set forth in our society.Therefore religious people must abide by the political values set forth in our society. If you turn the tables politicians must even be religious to a degree because they consider killing, stealing, etc. to be wrong and thus are sacredly entwined to the Ten Commandments. In conclusion I say religion in politics has long been a taboo subject and elusive topic to most as they argue that they cannot cohesively coexist together when in all actuality they can and do coexist together.Religion and politics essentially belong together as they date back to even biblical times. However, all around the world the extent to which they coexist varies depending on the cultural influence as well as historical significance pertaining to their area. We have seen that I places such as Latvia, Egypt, and even Nigeria that religion and politics do go together however the extent of their nitty-g ritty depends on their different cultural influences.Religion and politics even though we have been taught do not need to bring up as a singular subject and in fact they actually can be brought up together and should be because they are essentially a married pith to one another. Whilst some critics will still argue that religion and politics are a disaster when they are meshed together their will always be people who disagree o the subject. Everyone will never be o the same page when it pertains to religion in politics or politics in religion.

Hemophilia Genetic Blood

bleeders disease Genetic Blood bleeders disease is a sex-linked transmitted disorder that prevents your blood from c messting normally. The blood may clot in truth little only if gutter easily dislodge. Patients with the disease can bleed for days. It is located on your X sex chromosome and is found in males of all races and ethnical groups. A female can have Hemophilia, provided it is extremely r are and uncommon. Most people who had Hemophilia in the 1980s were also diagnosed with HIV. There are cardinal emblems of Hemophilia type A and type B. Type A Hemophilia is caused by a lack or shortage of clotting factor out eight. 1 out of every 5,000 male babies are born with type A. Type B is caused by a shortage of clotting factor 9. It is slight common than type A and is found in 1 out of 30,000 male babies. Although males are inherited with the disease, females carry it. Females may get a genetic test to see if they carry the disease.Hemophilia can be mild, moderate, or arc h. If you have a mild case, clotting factor 8 or 9 is 5% normal or greater. In a moderate case, clotting factor 8 or 9 is 1% to 5% normal. In a severe case, clotting factor 8 or 9 is less than 1% of normal. Also in a severe case, bleeding may pass by more than once a week for no reason. A patient with severe Hemophilia is usually diagnosed during their first year of life. The percentage of a clotting factor will most likely stay the same throughout a persons life.There is no actual cure for Hemophilia just yet, but people with the disease can inject themselves with the clotting factors 8 and 9 to stop their bleeding. A treatment for the disease can depend on the type of Hemophilia the person has. A persons immune system can attack the clotting factors that were injected. If this happens, then extra treatment may be needed. There is no way to prevent a child from getting Hemophilia. A genetic counselor can tell how severe the Hemophilia may be and the take chances for it.Some sympt oms of Hemophilia can be bleeding into the joints, bleeding in soft tissues and muscles, or bleeding in the mouth. Symptoms may become less severe as a child gets older. It doesnt mean that their case is any less severe, but they learn to avoid things that can lead them to bleeding. Most bleeding is caused by an injury or a twist of a joint. Most people with Hemophilia live a normal life span if they can affirm their bleeding with injecting themselves.Hemophilia is caused when a person has a mutation in of their clotting genes. Almost 90% of patients have a mutation in their doer 8 gene, and only 9% have a mutation in their Factor 9 gene. 1% of patients have a mutation in a different clotting factor gene. A indemnify will make several blood tests and rule out other diseases before diagnosing Hemophilia. The diseases the doctor must rule out with similar symptoms are Von Willebrand, Dysfibrinogenemia, Hypofibrinogenemia, Thrombocytopenia, and Bernaid-Soulier Syndrome. A final bloo d test will determine if the person has Hemophilia, the missing factor, and the type of Hemophilia the person has. When a person is diagnosed, the mutation should be found to see if any one(a) else in the family carries the disorder. It is very simple to find out this information if the male has a mutation called an inversion. Almost 50% of type A patients have inversions. To test for an inversion, an DNA fingermark must be created. There is no inversion when the fingerprint shows two very dark marks of DNA at 16.5 and 21.0 areas. But, there is an inversion when there are two dark marks at 20.0 and 17.5. If a boy has Hemophilia, the test can be used on his female blood relatives.Hemophilia was recognized in ancient times, though it wasnt named. An Arab physician by the name of Albucasis, wrote about a family whose male sons died from bleeding after minor injuries. In 1803, a physician named Dr. John Conrad Otto wrote about Hemophilia. He noticed that Hemophilia was only found in mal es and was a hereditary disease. The word hemophilia was written in a description at the University of Zurich in 1828 by Hopff. some other name for Hemophilia is The Royal Disease. This is because Queen Victoria carried the disease. She was the Queen of England from 1837-1901. Her son Leopold developed the disease. Leopold died from a brain hemorrhage at the age of 31, but his daughter was a carrier also. His daughter, Alice, had a male baby who also died from the disease. Two of Queen Victorias daughters carried the disease just like her. They gave the disease to the Russian, German, and Spanish violet families. Alexandra was Queen Victorias granddaughter. She married Nicholas, the Tsar of Russia in the early 1900s. Alexandra also carried the disease and passed it on to her son, the Tsarevich Alexei.You are probably thinking what its like to have this horrible disease. Males with the disease say that it is extremely painful. They talk about how they were injected as infants. A lot of their parents are very nervous and scared when they find out that their child has Hemophilia. A boy named Greg Price says that he went to summer camp with other people who have blood related diseases. He found friendship with a lot of the people who have to deal with diseases like that. He is very open with the fact that he has Hemophilia.Overall, Hemophilia is an extremely terrifying disease that no one would like to have. It may cause someone to lose their life due to a simple cut or scratch. It is extremely painful and causes people two live with a horrifying life. Hopefully, someday there will be a cure for this dreadful disease so people with the disease can live their lives with happiness, joy, and freedom.

Pizza Hut Data analysis

pizza pie pie pie Hut Data analysisIntroductionEarlier chapters concur app arl the stage for carrying divulge of this research. This chapter earns on the previous ones by reporting the conclusions of the entropy analysis. The primary data collected by means of interviews and interrogatorynaire is presented in graphs along with analysis and chanceings. From these analysis researchers will be up to(p) to proceed towards conclusion and recommendation.Qualitative Data analysisThis part of chapter will analyse the interviews conducted with pizza chantey distri scarceement.Strategy ImportanceTo pick up out and analyse scheme readying and its importance researcher asked questions from pizza chantey caution What was the strategic planning behind ERP (MICROS) and What were the main objects behind ERP (MICROS), and Is Pizza field shanty as an brass section competent to achieve those objectives?. In resolve to these questions executional expect coach replied.Strate gic plan behind ERP governing body was to be a commercialise leader in fast food grocery store and to provide excellent no(prenominal)e supporter by means of ERP implementation. According to Operational support theatre director and land managers of pizza hovel the objectives behind ERP were to run the business more efficiently, better convergence quality and node attend, enhanced pecuniary procedures through real snip take tos and effective marketing through customer teaching.(Hammer champy, 1993) presented theory of business go reengineering, in their theory they explained that very basic re thought and essential reforming of business processes to obtain curious alterments in current makeance is called business process reengineering. Hammer advertise described entropy technology is the important factor to dish up BPR.Pizza hut management identify ERP systems be very expensive to lay out. The hard work not virtuoso finished after installation but organisa tion relieve oneself to do more to manage them. So to do all this Pizza hut needed a firm strong strategy. According to (Porter, 1996) simply we arouse no idea what is strategy and how we bearful build a wide strong strategy. But on the other hand Whittington and Mintzberg answered to give the tools for strategy making. Pizza hut operational support managers answer showed that pizza hut strategy is pre-planned where as an organisation pizza hut management consider not only to install ERP but they also had flavored after installation phase and ERP management. Beside this some particular objectives demands for a strong and firm strategy. (Bendoly, 2005) Informed that every fourth dimension organisations treatment ERP projects they should invite corporate level strategy for ERP.Unlike Mintzberg emergent school of thought where he highlighted that in organisation normally people dont know well-nigh strategy and certain procedure developed into strategy.(Robert Norton, 2008) ma de intereting point he tell both strategy and opertional approachs helps to minimize risk and manage risk. Operational manager, bea manager and investment firm managers all ar agree that the basic strategy is growth in sale like earliar Operational support manager verbalize the strategy planning behind ERP was to get maximum shargon in fast food market and customer service through ERP. (Porter and Millar, 1985) explained corporate level strategy means to make entire organisatin ready for growth and learning systems put to works vital role in this process that is why ERP atomic number 18 very critical for competitive advantage.According to pizza hut management they atomic number 18 able to achieve their target and as an organisation they are growing. field of battle manager revleas that pizza hut in 2007 sold 35.4 million pizzas in the UK and pizza hut serve over 97,000 pizzas and 171,000 customers a day at pizza hut UK. Overall sale of Pizza hut is more than 600 million a fter installing MICROS. Cheshunt stash away manager informed that the customer complaints are dropped to 2 to 4 complaints per quarter where before MICROS figures were 10 to 12.Reseacher also tried to find out the challenges faced by pizza hut management. So the main part of this question was to findout the difficulties and challenges faced by pizza hut management during implementation. What problems did you encounter during implementation. In reply to this question operations support manager verbalize, although they had pre plans for ERP(MICROS) still they faced lots of challenges and problems. The first whacking challenge was damage, MICROS entire package was very expensive to buy and implement. After installing MICROS the second biggest challenage was to change employees under(a)standing set and organisation culture. (Bendoly, 2005) made interesting points in ERP implementation, he explained after installation closely of the time emplyoee do not have believe on informati on which ERP system provide.Employees do not have importance of information, that how important it is to put faultless information into the system. Bendloy argued employee play important role in booming implementation. Pizza hut area managers also explained that to over come employees behaviour and to tell them how important it is to put accurate information for better analysis and experience pizza hut ran a dominanting training program. Which helped to overcome this problem. Store managers agrees that the training imporved employees performance and staff start to take proper anticipate no, customer information and monastic drift information and support managers start performing daily check according to the procedures. (Kling Iacono, 1984) argued that introduction of technology to organisation often produces opportunities for managers to change the way they go workers.Cheshunt store manager told in start the MICROS help desk was not helpful enough. (Kalling, 2003) also point ed out ERP systems are more than installing software programs. He handsome ERP system implementation trigger change in entire organisation. So managers have to think distinguishablely to manage change. He further argued that ERP and business process re engineering is linked with each other. Southgate store manager serveed it was not comfortable to manage change in store. It is difficult to change employees mind set and to convience them on new procedures. Training plays important role but it is time taking process. (Frenzel, 1992) also identified that change management is not a easy process. It is a big challenge in management area.Reseacher found Strategy making plays important role in organisation growth. It helps to estimate risk and to explore before in future. ERP plays important role to achieve strategy objectives by improving organisation efficency and customer familiarity. ERP implementation is not only software implementations but it triggers change in organisation.P roper planning and strategy to manage change helps to overcome different change problems.Impact on operationsResearcher asked this question from pizza hut management to find out ERP seismic disturbance on organisation operations and this also was core question of interview. What is the impact of ERP (MICROS) on operation management after implementation? In respond to this question Operation support manager explained after implementing MICROS pizza hut communication is modify via intranet and managers are able to have real time figures in quick time. This helps them to repair animate, decision making process, quality of product and customer service. After installing ERP (MICROS) pizza hut is able to store customer information.Operation support manager explained near new term in pizza hut Every second counts convey to MICROS. (Mintzberg, 1991) also speak in favour of this according to him the most important thing in these days an organisation can have is its intimacy. Organisat ions always reinforcement moving from one direction to another for better efficiency and innovation.North Area manager identified MICROS helps to forecast for future in the light of customers previous edict behaviour. MICROS took last 6 weeks gross revenue and customer pattern to provide forecast with such a detail where managers can find out peak and off peak times even on hourly basis. It help managers to improve scheduling, constitute of sales. (Mata, Fuerst, barney, 1995) illustrated that resource base theory demands organisation I.T resources should have broad scope in organisation discussion sections. Area manager descried through MICROS pizza hut management is able to control on waste. Because well-grounded forecasting allow managers to prepare according to demand this helps to cut cost of sales. Southgate store manager further explained that scheduling is more accurate this leads towards better cost of labour. According to pizza hut area manger MICROS assist to have Ri ght people at right place. By cutting cost of sales and cost of labour through efficient procedures we are able to maximize profit.(Porter, 1996) defines operational efficiency as performing organisational functions better than competitors. He further explained operational efficiency leads towards low cost. South gate store managers answer was continuation of porter theory. He also identified MICROS help to give under 3, under 14, under 30 figures which help managers to check the order processing at different levels so they can find out the problem area. Grays store manager revealed that after implementation they have better pre-prep plan. This saves time and increase speed. Customers get better product and service. (Deming, 1986) presented a system where he say to improve quality (Plan, do, check, act). He believes by following this sequence we can improve quality.Operational support managerOperational support manager identified the big step towards online guild system MICROSoffe r pizza hut customers online order facility. It is major achievements to enhance customer service, bring accuracy and speed in order processing. (Jashapara, 2004) pointed out that organisations prime objective is to give products and services which can fulfil customers changing demands. Questionnaire figures make Jashapara point more valid where most of the customers like to place order online. Cheshunt store manager told online club system save time and cost of labour. When customer order through online it save order taking time and help to cut hours which used to take order on squall.One of Pizza hut Area manager explained since pizza hut introduced online order service pizza huts North area is saving round 2 % labour per week. (Porter, 1985) argued that organisation willing to achieve competitive advantage needs to get to value chain.Value chain refers to increase in margin.In order to achieve this margin all the resources of organisation have to perform. Primary data shows t hat most of the customers like ordering online due to many reasons such as online ordering system allow them to order more accuratly, provide more information slightly required product and delivery speed is fast. Primary data shows that most of the customers like ordering online due to many reasons such as online ordering system allow them to order more accuratly, provide more information about required product and delivery speed is fast.Researcher found ERP systems have a huge impact on operational management. ERP systems help to make operations efficient and effective. ERP systems help to cut cost and to maximize profit. At the same time assists to improve customer service directly and indirectly.Impact on Decision MakingThis question was asked from pizza hut management to find out impact of ERP (MICROS) on decision making and what they do different now. Do you think Pizza huts over all decision making office is improved. In respond to this question all the managers were agreed and their answer was positive. Operation support manager tells MICROS produce real time figures which mean we can see even 10 sec progress from different point of views. This precise information allows managers to act fast, analyse to make accurate and efficient decisions. communications between different managers are easy and secure. (Liebowitz, 2000) pointed out that in knowledge management major problem is distribution and organising of knowledge. He further explained data tap tool helpful to overcome this problem.Area manager explained managers can reschedule the staff according to business need. If the sale is low and nothing happening manager can check on MICROS how many team member required and can adjust according to that information. (Bacij, Chaffey, Greasley, 2002) explained that organisations want to work effectively their all the activities moldiness be arranged and monitored by managers according to well informed decisions. Operation manager explained MICROS helped t o sort delivery area decision making process through drive time reports. These drive time reports provide time to grid delivery area. (senge, 2006) thinks differently and he argued that a someone can have a more information because of technical advancement but it create no difference if the person have not appropriate skills to relate this specific information in a functional way.Marketing decision making is improved because of customer order records. Profit and loss accounts are available online. Overall financial decision making is improved. (Howard Dresner, 1989) first time introduced the thought of business intelligence. He explained it as a set of thoughts and methodologies arranged to enhance decision-making in business through the use of information and information-based systems. Store managers were agree that decision making is improved through MICROS. They can have a hold off on different reports.Decisions about ordering stock are improved. (Davenport Prusak, 1998) think s oppositely according to them two third of managers information and knowledge came from face to face meeting or through phone discussion. One third information can be gettable through documents. (Rainey, 2006) argued that the main responsibility of executives and corporate management systems is to produce a well intentional business model that can provide enhanced strategic direction, control and governance to the organisation.Researcher found ERP provide information distribution to different managers of different departments. Information availability assists to improve decision making process. Through available and real time figures managers are able to take in time and accurate decisions to react accordingly.Customer service and impact on marketingResearcher asked this question to enquire from Pizza hut management which department of pizza hut as an organisation tool most of the advantage from ERP. What is the most improved area in whole organisation processes, e.g. HR, operatio ns or finance. The answer was consists on operation, finance, marketing and customer service. Researcher has done detail analysis on operation and finance in this part researcher is analysing marketing department to look ERP impact on marketing. According to Operations support manager ERP facilitate to store customer information and from this customer information different analysis can be done to find out customer trend, their ordering behaviour and spending capacity. This helps to provide more knowledge about customer. (Sveiby, 1996) explained difference between information and knowledge he argued information is not equal to knowledge.Southgate store manager also speaks in favour of this he said customer information helps to build customer knowledge after some analysis. In analysis of customer information we need some particular information to build knowledge. For example customers order frequency and last order. (Polanyi, 1967) presented a theory about knowledge where he identifie d knowledge is an activity defined as process of knowing. For (Devanport and Prusak, 1998) knowledge is form of experience and information. This gives base to develop new skill and information. Pizza hut area manager thinks according to these theories and explained MICROS database store customer contact information, their last order record. Marketing department is using this information to make new deals, special deals to encourage differentcustomers.MICROSs online ordering systems introduced new marketing procedures which are low in cost and have high effect in outcome. For example through online systems MICROS data base store e-mail of customers and marketing department use this email information to advertise new deals or products. Grays store manager compared before MICROS customer information was only available in store. This means only store management can access that information and store manager do not have the capacity to organise entire marketing department. MICROS enabled share and change database which helps to access customer information of all stores from anywhere. (Fiol Lyles, 1985) presented a theory that rapid change in technology and competition bring new way of thinking in organisations and learning improves organisations performance. (Hubber, 1991) also identified the importance of information he said organisation learns the way of information processing is changed.How new customer relate knowledge and information is utilised.This question was asked to find out how pizza hut as an organisation is using customer knowledge. Operation support manager identified in his answer new customer information helps to keep customer record. This gives great knowledge about customer behaviour.MICROS help to store customers experiences with pizza hut. Their ordering pattern helps to analyse peak and off peak time. MICROS online ordering system helps to do effective marketing through website and emails. Marketing department is encouraging customers to or der online because online order save time, improve accuracy and customer service and enhance speed. Area manager pointed out new customer knowledge helps to differentiate the regular customers. And pizza hut management is able to introduce special offers to regular customers and more attractive offers for new customers. Overall MICROS provide knowledge to make an effective marketing strategy to compete. Cheshunt store manager gave example of introducing new business deals only for Cheshunt store this helped to increase sales. Questionnaire answers figures shows that overall more than 70 % like online ordering and special offers.Researcher found ERP systems helps to create knowledge about customer and organisation. And have positive impact on marketing and customer service. ERP systems provide new marketing procedures, ERP systems also help to cut marketing budget through new procedures and facilitate even to do person to person marketing. Researcher also found knowledge is more than information.Financial ImpactHow much pizza hut spent on ERP and what is the expected time to be cured _or_ healed this investment and Do you think so far investing in ERP was worth to pizza hut as an organisation?These questions were asked to have idea about return on investment. Operation supportmanager replied it is difficult to disclose exact figure of MICROS implementations. However he briefly explained MICROS systems were very expensive to implement just to have an idea one MICROSs enable touch screen system cost 2200. A small delivery unit at least have 6 touch screens. Pizza hut entire management were agreed that ERP systems implementation investment was worth. It helped to enhance operations, increase sale, managers have better ability to perform and to deliver. (Gattikar Goodhue, 2000) identified benefits of ERP, he explained ERP systems improve administrator role such as finance and human resource.Questionnaire results shows more than 60 % customers agree that they have better accuracyand speed with new online ordering system. They also agreed that online ordering system provide easier and faster way to order. (Hossain, Jon Rashid, 2002) also described ERP benefits they gave explanation that Enterprise resource planning systems are implement to enhance and improve performance of organisation and these systems have impact on entire organisation. Pizza hut management is agreed although MICROS are expensive but their benefits are worth to spend on MICROS.Researcher found even though ERP systems are expensive for an organisation but they are worth for investment.AccuracyThis question was intentional to ask from interviewers what is the difference after ERP implementation. What do you do differently now. In reply to this question Operation support manager identify now pizza hut management have secure and easy availability of information. Online ordering system is step towards differentiation. roughly of pizza hut competitors do not have online order ing facility. (Porter, 1996) explained organisation want to have competitive advantage have to produce a strategy either to execute different actions or similar actions with different technique. Area manager identified that MICROS produced improved reporting regarding different departments such as instrument report, more powerful sales report. Prevent fraud and more secure communication between customer and organisation. (OBrien Marakas, 2008) described ERP software based and related to manufacturing, distribution, sales , accounting and human resource reporting software. This allows ERP systems to provide analysis and planning reports of different departments. Grays store manager reveals now because of better and precise forecasting they are able to pre-prep more accurately. This makes us able to reduce order making time and improve speed. In questionnaire figures shows 98% customers agree that online ordering system improved speed and order accuracy. Operation support manager id entified MICROS provide more accurate accountability and fraud prevention because MICROS record every single transaction between customer and organisation and it also store discounts records. Store managers informed MICROS helped to improve CHAMPS. CHAMPS is Pizza hut standards for individual store performance where they look at Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product and Speed.Researcher found ERP systems help to enhance accuracy in different departments of organisation for better performance and accountability.Quantitative analysisCustomers respond regarding ERP systemThis section of chapter based on data analysis of questionnaire survey to find out customers responds for online ordering service and pizza hut management reply on this questionnaire survey. Survey was completed in one week. Survey respond was 100 %.Pizza Hut online Service system Survey StatisticsStarted 100 accurate 100Completion Rate 100%Drop Outs (do not use Pizza hut service) 31. Do you use Pizz a Hut service in the area?Yes. No.In respond to this question 97 % customers answer was YES and they order food from pizza hut. 3 % said no. The figure shows there is high percentage of people who likes to order food from pizza hut. It gives Pizza hut great advantage in fast food market and shows have great brand name impact in fast food market. Pizza hut management told in interview it is their prime objective to be a fast food market leader.2. How often do you use Pizza Hut Service?1. Once a week2. doubly a week or more3. Once a month4. Once a yearQuestion two was designed to get the ordering frequency of customer that how oftencustomer order pizza.51 % customers answered once a week. 40 % said twice a week ormore. 7 % said once a month. And 2 % said once a year. Researcher found that pizza hut has good loyal customers. As there are more than 50 % customers who order at least once a week. According to Area manager customer order frequency information helps to improvemarketing str ategy and forecasting. L.R analysisOrder frequency3. What is your preferred way for ordering food?1. Calling at Pizza hut2. Walk in3. OnlineThis question was asked to identify what is the convenient way to place an order. In reply to this question 43% said they prefer order online 40 % peoples likes to order via phone and 17% customers likes to place order in person at pizza hut. Figures clearly show the different trends in customers. Customers have mixed approach towards ordering service but there are 43% customers as compare to 40% and 17 % who use other services. Researcher can withdraw result in the light of above figures that peoples have more trends to order through online service. Operations support manager also told that MICROS helped them to take one step forward it allow pizza hut to introduce online ordering service. Online ordering system is accurate and faster way to place order. (Shanks, Peter B, Leslie P, 2003) pointed out organisations plan to install ERP when they found it is their requirement to upgrade their active operational procedures4. How you get more information about your required food?1. Calling at Pizza hut2. Printed Leaflet3. Online product descriptionThe main purpose of this question was to find out does online ordering service provide enough information regarding product of pizza hut as compare to printed leaflet and calling at pizza hut. So researcher can determine about customer reaction about product information through online system. 67 % people voted that they will get more information via online. 29 % customers said they find more information on printed leaflets. Only 4 % customers agreed that they get more information about product when they call at pizza hut. After collecting primary data it is easy to identify the findings that 67 % customers are agreed that online system provide more information as compare to other product descriptions. Area manager explained in interview that Online system provide product information in detail because it iseasy to update and give product detail information on website as compare to printed brochure.5. The information on the website is clearly written and easy to understand1. Strongly Disagree2. Disagree3. Undecided4. gibe5. Strongly AgreeThis question was designed to understand customers respond about information that is available on website regarding product and order. In respond to this question 82% customers strongly agreed. 11 % customers said they are agreed and 7 % customer replied they are undecided. After analysing the primary data researcher found that high percentage of customer 82 % strongly agreed and 11 % are happy that information on the online ordering system website is clearly understandable. This clearly shows that online ordering system is compete good role in pizza hut product understanding.6. The subject of the website is up-to-date?1. Strongly Disagree2. Disagree3. Undecided4. Agree5. Strongly AgreeThe aim behind this question was to cal culate the accuracy of website offering products as compare to advertising offers and new printed menu. 82% customer strongly agreed that pizza hut website is up to date, 10 % people said they are agree that pizza hut is up to date , 6 % people said they are undecided 2 % people said they are disagree with this statement.Above figures describing that most of the time customers find website up to date. Researcherfinds still 2 % of people are there who said they are not agreed. This is area of concern being a multinational company Pizza hut have to resolve this and the website content should be up to dated for better impact and this is necessary for online system success that all the part of ERP systems in working condition and capable to play their role in organisation services.Southgate Store manager explained this problem as online website is for National level, whilesometimes pizza hut run special offers for local area, and customer find conflict in deals. Area managers described they are working to solve this problem by allowing special discounts for customers.7. Please rate the ease of water travel of Pizza hut online service1. Excellent2. Good3. Average4. Poor5. very(prenominal) PoorThis question was designed to find out the ease of navigation when customers are ordering their food or in between their order and change mind to other product. 61 % customers said the navigation of website is excellent, 31 % said it is good and 6 % said it is average and 2 % said it is poor. There is mixed ratio of answers regarding ease of navigation. Area managers and store managers identified ERP installation helped to improve visuals and navigation through providing intelligent order taking program. Researcher found that online system can be more user friendly to encourage customer for online ordering service.8. How easy was it to find a particular item you were looking for?1. Very Easy2. Somewhat Easy3. Easy4. Somewhat challenging5. Very DifficultThis question is supp orting above question and focused particularly on specific item or product.68 % people voted very easy for this question, 21 % said somewhat easy, 9 % said easy and 2 % said somewhat difficult. Pizza hut management explained because of user friendly layout and product detail help to find and select product. Researcher found that 68 % respondent said it is easy to find their required items this shows that online ordering system is really helpful for finding their required product and good for search of items.9. Please rate the overall content of Pizza hut website.1. Excellent2. Good3. Average4. Poor5. Very PoorThis question covers generally about accuracy and easiness of the online ordering system. In respond to this question 61 % customer said excellent, 25 % said it is good ,11 % said it is average and 3 % replied it is poor. The statistics illustrate that there is high volume of customers who are satisfied with overall content online ordering website. Pizza hut management identifi ed MICROS online ordering system is on step forward towards better customer service. (Gattiker Goodhue, 2000) Pointed out ERP implementation provides benefits from many angles.10. How easy was it to modify items in your shopping cart? e.g to change pizza base,1. Very Easy2. Somewhat Easy3. Easy4. Somewhat Difficult5. Very DifficultThis question was designed to find out the ease of changing order, if a customer wants to change order after deciding last-place order is it easy to change the final order as compare to other service.37 % customers said very easy, 35 % said somewhat easy and 22 % said it is easy and 4 % said somewhat difficult and 2 % said very difficult. Researcher found that 37 % people found it very easy to change final product this figure is low as compare to above customers respond towards online ordering system. This is the area of improvement for online service. In respond to these figures operations support manager told MICROS support team is working to fix probl ems as they are logged. They always try to provide best possible and user friendly porthole to customers and order takers.11. Was your order complete when you received it?Yes NoThe main objective of this question was to find out accuracy when order received at pizza hut and processed how accurately it delivered when place through online ordering system. 96 % said yes to this questions answer and only 4 % said no. Findings show the accuracy level for online ordering service is good. Where 96% of people said they find complete order. Cheshunt store manager revealed that since they have MICROS online ordering service their store d

Mainstream Media Is The Mouthpiece Media Essay

Mainstream Media Is The Mouthpiece Media EssayThere is no doubt that mainstream media and social networking websites contribute ballooned over the past few social classs to encourage the credenza of 1Malaysia belief to citizens. The 1Malaysia innovation was initiated by Prime look Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak on 16 September 2010, as a platform to build upon the unique strength of the mixture of multiracial Malaysia. It is the Prime Ministers fervent belief that the preservation and enhancement of this unity in diversity will remain the countrys best hope for the future. So promoting the realization and greater understanding of the 1Malaysia excogitation by Malaysians is extremely important for the mainstream media to cover by reaching citizens. This 1Malaysia program consists of 1Malaysia Shop, 1Malaysia Clinic, 1Malaysia Menu, 1Malaysia masss Housing (PR1MA), to help the middle income group to have better access to house ownership and 1Malaysia Peoples Taxi (TR1MA) ai med at improving the countrys public transport services and so on that provides many benefits and services that citizens piece of tail enjoy and save money. harmonise to The Star Online intelligence agency program (Understanding 1Malaysia, Joshua Foong, 2010), various strategies, programs and displaceivities have been implemented through the ministries various departments and agencies to promote the 1Malaysia Concept. In order to take nervous strain on the effectiveness of the 1Malaysia promotional initiatives, the ministry undertook a random survey on the extent of the heaps public aw areness, understanding and acceptance of the 1Malaysia Concept as part of the ministrys KPI (MKPI). According to figures by the ministry, a total of 12,212 respondents participated with 82% from the number saying they were aware of 1Malaysia and while a further 69% understood the ideal. The ministry leads on having at least(prenominal) 50% of the total population of 27mil in accepting the 1Ma laysia concept this year. A statement released by the ministry said continuous dissemination of key messages on the 1Malaysia Concept will be a pivotal factor towards inculcating better understanding and acceptance of the concept by Malaysians in time to come. From here, we accredit that media plays an important agency to deliver the government policies or development to citizens.We have employed various channels to spearhead the promotion. They include the electronic media (TV and intercommunicate), print media ( newsprints, booklets, leaflets and posters), new media (websites, blogs, Facebook), face-to-face dialogue (talks, briefings, seminars) as well as cultural activities (acting, singing and dance performances), said by Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim. Such dedicated programs and activities all over the country have accredited positive response, strong support and participation from all sectors of the community, heralding much promise for the future. (Understanding 1Malaysia, J oshua Foong, 2010). Despite the traditional mainstream media, new social media technologies such as facebook and blogs are cosmos used by the government to promote and encourage citizens to accept this information, resulted the 1Malaysia Concept are getting popular.While in (Najib Urges Media to Help Promote Mederation, 2010) our Prime Minister urged the media to play the role as a promoter of moderation to take back the centre and reclaim the agenda for peace and pragmatism. He said the front man of the moderates could marginalize the extremists, and that the media had a signifi screwt role to play in this quest. While according to The News Straits Time (1Malaysia concept a great vision,2012), the 1Malaysia Concept is a great vision in promoting unity not exactly to the Malaysian people but also to the region, United Nations secretary-general Ban Ki-moon said today. He said the concept could help in raising tolerance towards the different religions, cultures and traditions as Ma laysia is a multi-ethnic, religious and cultural country. An separate article from The Star Online News (Najib Translate 1Malaysia concept to benefit people, 2012), Najib said the Barisan Nasional government had introduced various 1Malaysia services and products to assist the people, such as 1Malaysia Peoples Aid (BR1M), which was warmly received. 1He said the 1Malaysia Concept should be translated into something tangible and benefits the people and not just remains political rhetoric. He emphasized that more 1Malaysia services and products were needed to help ease the rise in the cost of living. For example, specially-composed 1Malaysia songs and the 1Malaysia advertisement are aired daily via various TV and radio stations run by RTM. In Ai FM radio station, we can hear that the radio station everyday aired the information about 1Malaysia Concept in attempts to encourage citizen to accept the 1Malaysia Concept. For the private networks as well, they are tends to promote this conc ept and resulted the 1Malaysia Concept have been well-received and getting popular.Additionally, according to The Star Online News (Understanding 1Malaysia, Joshua Foong, 2010), showed that, around 18,070 lectures have been conducted by the information department this year in 139 districts involving about 550,000 people. Booklets and leaflets on 1Malaysia have been distributed as well at the state and district levels to be used as handy reference. The ministry has also been working towards disseminating the 1Malaysia concept to all participants undergoing National Service training (PLKN).From the articles above, we can see that various channels or mainstream media are being used by the governments to disseminate the 1Malaysia Concept that brings a lot of benefits to the citizens. Many channels have been covering this policies information to reach different levels of the citizens, and keep emphasize and re-emphasize the idea of 1Malaysia Concept is to conciliate citizens of differen t races in this country. As we can see that, the ways the mainstream media in order to cover 1Malaysia Concept is very neutral but had successfully public figure the citizens mind gained the attention and the acceptance of citizens. More and more citizens can understand the concept for a better tomorrow.However, in today advanced social networking era, we can see that more and more people are using social media sites to get news and manage the information, such as Facebook, Youtube, Twitter and so on. Facebook is the put across media site in Malaysia and there are 90% of Malaysian uses Facebook as their prime social media network. In order to attract more citizens get to know about 1Malaysia Concept, or even to convenience the citizens to get more information, it is found that there were a homepage of 1Malaysia existing in Facebook that citizens can get the information and share it among their friends around the world. Other than that, the government also created a website of 1Ma laysia The Personal Website of Dato Sri Najib Razak that intended to provide a free and open forum to discuss the things that matter deep to us as a Nation. The website provides a chance to express and explore the many perspectives of citizens. Citizens can download the booklet as well from the website to get more detail about what kind of benefits that as a Malaysian can enjoy.In terms of today commercial culture, advertisements exist at anywhere and anytime. People are highly exposed with the advertisement indirectly. The 1Malaysia advertisement can be found in local newspaper, TV or radio advertisement as well as social network, shopping malls, billboards along the road and so on to make the advertisement intangible in order to reach everyone and their target audiences. We can see the logo of 1Malaysia Concept at anywhere curiously in government webpage, government office, government clinic and hospital, banners of PROTONS flyer and even can be found in the products of goods w hich is made from Malaysia. TV and radio are the most effective ways to make the citizens to accept the 1Malaysia Concept because the 1Malaysia Concept. According to mass federation guess, media were seen as only one of many disruptive forces, cancerous force within society and have to be purged or totally restructured. Media have the role to reach out and directly influence the minds of average people. Once the peoples minds are corrupted by media, all sorts of bad, long-term consequences result bringing not only ruin to individual lives but also creating social problems on a vast scale. As it is say that, people are vulnerable to media because they have been sleep with off and isolated from traditional social institutions that previously protected them from manipulation.But in propaganda theories, media became the focus of attention. One of the common propaganda techniques is intended to make many people respond to the information overload situation pressured by processing th e messages as quickly as possible, therefore by making mental short cuts. In addition, propaganda theory also is the no-hold-barred use of communication to propagate specific beliefs and expectations. For example, the slogan of 1Malaysia Concept in recent and past few year which in year For example, the slogan of 1Malaysia Concept in recent and past few year which in year 2009 People First, Performance Now (Rakyat Didahulukan, Pencapaian Diutamakan), in year 2010 Generating sack(Menjana Transformasi), in year 2011 Transformation Successful, People Prosperous (Transformasi Berjaya, Rakyat Sejahtera), and in year 2012 Promises Fulfilled (Janji Diterpati). It is can say that the used of the slogans in 1Malaysia Concept is to make the citizens desire in, seek to gain the support and acceptance from the citizen as well as other expectations. In other words, the uses of propaganda attempt to change the way of people act and influence their perceptions. The social chaos initiated by media will inevitably be resolved by establishment of a totalitarian social order. In other word, mass media should debase higher forms of culture, bringing about a general decline in civilization.While in modern propaganda theory, the argument of this modern propaganda theory is that powerful elites are so thoroughly control the mass media and their content that they have little trouble imposing their truth on the culture. The theory is facilitated by three factors i.e. an audience, the use of sophisticated polling and survey procedures, and the incorporation of media companies into mega conglomerates. These factors combine to put untold power in the hand of powerful business and governmental elites without the publics sense whether the information is true or not.In conclusion, in nation all over the world, the media has to adapt to the political system in which they are operating. How much liberty that the media can enjoys is indicative by the political system that they operate in. In a democracy country, media and politics will always have close ties. Mainstream media is the gumshield of the government in nation to disseminating the information on government policies, programs and messages to the citizen. But because of the mainstream media is often heavily influenced by the governments and corporate stockholders, the news it reports on is often unploughed as neutral as possible or typically of general interest, to avoid losing members and the audience, therefore, they avoid reporting on controversial or sensitive topics especially topics about cultures and religions. For this reason, some people speak disparagingly about the mainstream media, arguing that issues of importance often do not reach the general public. No private-owned newspaper or radio and TV stations are allowed to discriminate the government openly and thus no dissident voice is heard. The government decides what kind of information the citizens should know and the government tends to c ontrol or regulate the media by laws but allowed a certain degree of freedom, as long as the media operates within the confident(p) perimeter, it will not be harassed. Mainstream media is often associated with reliability and integrity, enforced by firm journalistic standards and the presence of supervisors and review boards who are supposed to ensure that the news is accurately reported. However, the mainstream media is also accused by some individuals of being extremely biased. The political leanings of major media companies may come out in the type of insurance reportage it has, for example, and the choice to refrain from publicizing controversial stories may be viewed as a lapse of integrity. Social justice issues often receive scant coverage in the mainstream media, to the frustration of people who want to alert people to such issues. Because of this, more and more people are moving forward to look for other sources that allowed them to know the truth, whether the 1Malaysia C oncept is really beneficial as a citizens of Malaysia. The internet has held hope for many Malaysians who are seeking wider democratic space, to enhance freedom of flavour and democracy in Malaysia.

Conductivity :: essays research papers

Super conductivity is a natural phenomenon in which certain stuff and nonsenses such(prenominal) as metals, alloys, and ceramics, can conduct electricity without resistance. These materials are what we call superconductors. In a superconductor, once the flow of electrons begins, it essentially goes on forever, making it an important material to humans. Superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch scientist by the name of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911. While researching properties of materials at absolute zero, this man found out that certain materials helpless its resistance to the flow of electrons. For years to come, his discovery was at the head of theoretical interest. The only problem though, was that people at that time could not even consider of a way to produce such a temperature, to allow materials to be superconductors at all times. This all changed in 1986 when Karl Muller and George Bednorz were working at the IBM look Division in Zurich, Switzerland. They found a ma terial that reached superconductivity at around 35 degrees Kelvin or 238 degrees Celsius. In the next year, a team of Chinese-American physicists tell that they had found a material that reached superconductivity at 92 degrees Kelvin. This was a big improvement. 92 degrees Kelvin is not a very high temperature, in fact, it is the tantamount(predicate) of 181 degrees Celsius. Locating superconducting material above 77 degree Kelvin is a good thing because it means that the material will be easily produced and used. A theoretical understanding of superconductivity was advanced in 1957 by American physicists John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer. Their Theories of Superconductivity became know as the BCS theory (which came from each mans last name) and won them a Nobel prize in 1972. The BCS theory explained superconductivity at temperatures close to absolute zero. However, at higher temperatures and with different superconductor systems, the BCS theory has consequently beca me insufficient to fully explain electron behavior. The Type 1 category of superconductors is basically made up of pure metals that normally show conductivity at room temperature. They require really refrigerated temperatures to slow down molecular vibrations enough to facilitate unrestrained electron flow in agreement to the BCS theory. BCS theory suggests that electrons team up in make pairs in order to help each other overcome molecular obstacles. Type 1 superconductors were discovered first and require the coldest temperatures to become superconductive. They are characterized by a very sharp transition to a superconducting state.

Communication Problems in Relationships :: Couples Relationship Marriage

Communication One of the major problems that affect couples is communication. It is hard to listen to the opposite person when you bring forward you are right. Couples seen to blame, criticize, and give the silent treatment among other things. There are struggles over power and lots of conflict. With so many things to fight about its good to be able to know how to fight in a way thats healthy. Some of the things couples may fight about are sexual activity roles, fidelity, sex, money, and power. With so many women working there is a conflict of who does everything at home and since they both have incomes then there is a struggle of who makes pecuniary decisions. Fidelity is a big issue along with violations of trust and commitment. If the relationship is not going well, women seem not to want sex. This is because they tie emotional facial expression with sex. Men breakt seem to do this. Next, couples cope with these conflicts in many different ways. One may finally give over to the other person. They can compromise, witch is the best method. They may agree to disagree or just stop talking about the issue. Denying conflict can ruin a relationship. Some Couples yell, humiliate, embarrass, and demoralize each other. These are not affective ways of fighting. There are ways to improve your communication skills. When your partner is upset dont be defensive. A lot of the time its not a right wrong situation. Its a different perspective that ur partner is advance from. Being caring and supportive increases the desire to talk. An important thing is to be honest with each other. Lying will make the conflict worse. Listening is probley the more or less important thing you can do. Lastly, there are rules for fighting fair. You should never attack your partner. It will only make them defensive. No one likes to be support into a corner. Like I wrote before, be honest. Do not belittle or threaten your partner. Its better to focus on the problem not the person. void fighting dirty, its not fair to your